Carlsbad Homes with Single Family Residence Subtype

Welcome to Carlsbad, California, a coastal gem nestled in the heart of San Diego County. Known for its stunning beaches, vibrant community, and year-round pleasant climate, Carlsbad offers an idyllic setting for families, retirees, and anyone seeking a laid-back lifestyle with plenty of outdoor activities. With its charming downtown area filled with boutique shops, gourmet restaurants, and art galleries, residents enjoy a perfect blend of small-town charm and modern conveniences.

Carlsbad is not just a picturesque beach town; it's also home to some of the most sought-after real estate in Southern California. If you're in the market for a single-family residence, you'll find a diverse array of homes that cater to various tastes and budgets. From quaint cottages just a stone's throw from the beach to modern, spacious family homes with sprawling backyards, Carlsbad offers something for everyone.

Families will appreciate the top-rated schools and safe neighborhoods that make Carlsbad an ideal place to raise children. The community is also rich in parks, recreational facilities, and outdoor activities, including hiking, biking, and water sports, ensuring that there’s never a dull moment.

With easy access to major highways and the San Diego International Airport, commuting to nearby business hubs or enjoying a weekend getaway is a breeze. Whether you’re drawn to the coastal lifestyle, the friendly community, or the beautiful homes, Carlsbad is a place where dreams of homeownership come to life. Discover your perfect single-family residence in this enchanting coastal city today!

Newest Carlsbad Homes with Single Family Residence Subtype

$1,800,000

4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ NDP2607051 MLS ⋅ Active Status

Located in the heart of Bressi Ranch on a private, elevated corner lot, this beautifully maintained 4-bedroom, 3-bath home offers 2,607 sq. ft. of spacious, sunlit living. With no rear neighbors and serene west-facing views of the adjacent greenbelt, you'll enjoy breathtaking sunsets and rare privacy just minutes from everything Carlsbad has to offer. The open floor plan includes a first-floor bedroom and full bath, a versatile upstairs loft, and multiple outdoor living areas, including a peaceful courtyard just off the kitchen, perfect for morning coffee or evening gatherings. The chef’s kitchen features granite slab countertops, stainless steel appliances, a center island with bar seating, pendant lighting, and a cozy breakfast nook that flows seamlessly into the inviting family room. Upgrades throughout the home include crown molding, plantation shutters, tile flooring, brand new carpet, built-in surround sound, and a custom media niche. Large windows frame picturesque backyard views and fill the space with natural light. Enjoy the vibrant Bressi Ranch lifestyle with community amenities including a resort-style pool, spa, parks, and event center. Just a short distance to award-winning Carlsbad schools, Bressi Village shops and dining, and nearby Alga Norte Community Park. This is North County living at its best, stylish, private, and close to it all.

2705 Plumeria Drive, Carlsbad

$2,249,900

3 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 260018247SD MLS ⋅ Coming Soon Status

Set above the fifth hole of Aviara Golf Club, this beautifully maintained Sandpiper residence offers sweeping golf-course views, a private saltwater pool and spa, and a peaceful setting on a quiet street just minutes from the coast. Its unique lot position includes a generous side yard, mature landscaping, and multiple outdoor spaces for entertaining and relaxing. Inside, vaulted ceilings and abundant natural light create an inviting atmosphere. Hardwood flooring extends through much of the main level, where the kitchen features granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, upgraded cabinetry, a tiled backsplash, and views across the pool to the fairway. Pool and golf-course views are also enjoyed from the family room, dining room, and primary bedroom. A main-level room with custom built-ins and French doors is currently used as an office but offers flexibility as an optional 4th bedroom alongside a full bath. The backyard features a solar-heated saltwater pool and spa, pool safety fence, built-in barbecue area, two highly productive lemon trees, a tangerine tree, mature landscaping, and an elevated sitting area overlooking the course. Additional improvements include pool equipment replaced in 2019, furnace and A/C replaced in 2021, water heater replaced in 2022, new ducting in 2023, upgraded garage cabinetry and lighting, and a 220-volt outlet for EV charging. Located within the Carlsbad Unified School District. (some photos are digitally staged) Set above the fifth hole of Aviara Golf Club, this beautifully maintained Sandpiper residence combines expansive golf-course views, a private saltwater pool and spa, and a peaceful setting on an exceptional quiet street just minutes from the coast and just down the road the Batiquitos Lagoon Trail! Its distinctive lot position includes a generous side yard, mature landscaping, and multiple outdoor spaces designed for entertaining, relaxing, and enjoying the surrounding scenery. Inside, vaulted ceilings and abundant natural light create an open, inviting atmosphere. Hardwood flooring extends through much of the main level, where formal living and dining spaces flow into a comfortable family room with fireplace. The kitchen features granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, upgraded cabinetry, a tiled backsplash, and direct views across the pool toward the fairway. Pool and golf-course views can also be enjoyed from the family room, dining room, and primary bedroom, creating a strong indoor-outdoor connection throughout the home. A downstairs optional bedroom, currently configured as a custom office, offers flexibility and convenience and is complemented by a full downstairs bath. Upstairs, the primary suite captures one of the home’s most memorable views and includes built-in cabinetry, a spacious walk-in closet, and an updated bath. The backyard is centered around a private saltwater pool and spa with solar heating, a pool safety fence, built-in barbecue area, mature landscaping, two prolific lemon trees, a tangerine tree, and an elevated sitting area overlooking the course. Additional improvements include updated pool equipment, newer furnace and air conditioning, newer water heater, updated ducting, drainage improvements, exterior lighting, rain gutters, upgraded garage cabinetry and lighting, and a 220-volt EV charging connection in the garage. Located within the Carlsbad Unified School District, this home offers a compelling combination of golf-course scenery, coastal proximity, privacy, flexible living space, and resort-inspired outdoor living in the heart of Aviara.

Carlsbad

$2,150,000

3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 260018160SD MLS ⋅ Coming Soon Status

Welcome to 1022 Daisy Avenue, an exceptional single-story home in the highly desirable Spinnaker Hills community of Carlsbad. Ideally situated on a generous lot, this beautifully maintained 3-bedroom, 2-bath residence offers approximately 1,766 square feet of light-filled living space designed for effortless indoor-outdoor living. The thoughtfully designed floor plan features spacious living areas and a beautifully remodeled kitchen showcasing new cabinetry, elegant quartz countertops, a designer backsplash, and new stove and microwave. A new washer and dryer add everyday convenience, while quality finishes throughout create a warm, inviting atmosphere. Step outside to your own private backyard retreat, complete with a sparkling pool, relaxing spa, multiple outdoor entertaining areas, and a new pool heater so you can enjoy swimming year-round. Whether you're enjoying a quiet morning coffee or hosting friends for sunset cocktails, you'll appreciate the refreshing coastal breezes and peek ocean views that make this home truly special. Located in one of Carlsbad's most sought-after neighborhoods, Spinnaker Hills offers the rare advantage of no HOA and no Mello-Roos, all while being just minutes from beautiful beaches, award-winning schools, shopping, dining, golf, parks, and everything the Carlsbad lifestyle has to offer. Move-in ready and thoughtfully updated, 1022 Daisy Avenue is an exceptional opportunity to enjoy the very best of coastal Carlsbad living.

Carlsbad

$2,499,000

6 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 260018065SD MLS ⋅ Active Status

Fully remodeled in 2026, this spacious Cantamar home offers the size, flexibility, and outdoor space that are increasingly difficult to find in coastal Carlsbad. The flexible floor plan features 6 bedrooms, 3.5 baths, and 3,703 square feet, with multiple living areas, two first-floor bedrooms—including one with an en-suite bath—and an expansive primary suite. Set on a private 0.29-acre lot, one of the largest in the community, the property combines a fresh, modern interior with an exceptionally large backyard and peek-a-boo ocean views from the upper level. The first floor offers a bright, open layout with light-toned wide-plank flooring, abundant recessed lighting, and excellent natural light. A separate living room provides additional space, while the family room with a fireplace opens directly to the kitchen and dining area. The completely redesigned kitchen features white shaker-style cabinetry, a full-height tile backsplash, stainless-steel appliances, a gas cooktop, double ovens, and a large waterfall-edge island with contrasting wood cabinetry and seating for four. Glass-front cabinets, open display shelving, integrated accent lighting, and continuous toe-kick lighting beneath the cabinetry give the kitchen a distinctive custom finish. Two bedrooms are located downstairs, including one with a remodeled en-suite bathroom featuring a frameless glass shower, floor-to-ceiling tile, and an illuminated niche. The second bedroom provides flexible space for guests or a home office, and a separate powder room completes the main level. Upstairs, a large central loft with an extensive bank of built-in cabinetry provides an additional living area with excellent storage. The expansive primary suite offers room for a sitting area and peek-a-boo ocean views. A hallway between the bedroom and bathroom features additional built-in cabinetry and leads to a huge walk-in closet. The remodeled primary bathroom includes a long dual-sink vanity, extensive storage, a dedicated getting-ready area, a freestanding soaking tub, and an oversized glass-enclosed wet room with rainfall showerhead, handheld fixtures, and illuminated niches. Three additional bedrooms are located upstairs, including two with direct access to a shared balcony offering additional peek-a-boo ocean views. A remodeled hall bathroom features dual sinks and a tiled tub-and-shower combination, while the separate laundry room includes a utility sink, countertop workspace, and abundant cabinetry. Outside, the scale and privacy of the backyard set this property apart. The home’s positioning, generous separation from neighboring properties, mature landscaping, and surrounding fencing create a secluded setting. The expansive rear patio and broad lawn provide multiple areas for outdoor dining, relaxing, play, and recreation, with ample room to add a large pool while still retaining substantial yard space. A separate side patio directly off the dining room creates an additional private outdoor sitting area. Located in Cantamar, a small community of approximately 96 homes, the property enjoys a peaceful residential setting with convenient access to everything that makes coastal Carlsbad such a desirable place to live. The home is within the highly regarded Carlsbad Unified School District, with Aviara Oaks Elementary and Middle schools approximately one mile away and high school options that include Carlsbad High and Sage Creek High. Nearby Poinsettia Community Park offers 42 acres of athletic fields, playgrounds, tennis and pickleball courts, and picnic areas, while South Carlsbad State Beach and the Ponto beaches are only a few miles from home. Batiquitos Lagoon, Aviara Golf Club, shopping, dining, LEGOLAND, and I-5 are also within easy reach.

1557 Regatta Road, Carlsbad

$2,590,000

5 Beds ⋅ 5 Baths ⋅ ND26158269 MLS ⋅ Coming Soon Status

Welcome to this beautifully maintained residence in the highly desirable La Costa Valley community of Carlsbad. Thoughtfully updated throughout, this spacious 5-bedroom, 4.5-bath home offers approximately 3,356 square feet of refined living space designed for comfortable everyday living and effortless entertaining. The versatile floor plan features a desirable main-level bedroom and full bath, two staircases, and an upstairs office with custom built-ins and a closet that can easily serve as a fifth bedroom. One of the home's staircases is equipped with a professionally installed stairlift, providing added convenience and accessibility. Expansive living areas, abundant natural light from numerous windows, and a three-car garage with custom cabinetry, overhead storage, and epoxy flooring complete the home's functional design. The gourmet kitchen features granite slab countertops, custom cabinetry, stainless steel appliances, a large walk-in pantry, breakfast bar, and generous workspace. The remodeled primary bathroom features an oversized soaking tub, while all bedroom closets include custom organizer shelving. Meticulously maintained and continually improved, the home includes a covered outdoor patio (2024), tankless water heater with Moen Flow smart water monitoring system (2023), new front door (2022), dual A/C condensers (2022), dual furnaces (2021), New backyard fencing (2021), refreshed landscaping with an efficient drip irrigation system, three raised garden beds, custom built-ins, hardwood flooring, and many additional thoughtful improvements throughout the home. The private backyard is designed for year-round Southern California living and features a built-in BBQ island, lush landscaping, and multiple outdoor spaces for relaxing and entertaining. Additional highlights include an owned 3.0 kW photovoltaic solar system (installed in 2006). The sale also includes the refrigerator, washer, dryer, downstairs television with adjustable lift, Eero Wi-Fi system, and Ring Doorbell camera. Ideally located near top-rated schools, parks, golf, shopping, dining, and North County beaches, this exceptional home offers an outstanding opportunity to own a beautifully maintained residence in one of Carlsbad's most sought-after neighborhoods.

2193 Vista La Nisa, Carlsbad

$1,979,000

4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ NDP2606950 MLS ⋅ Active Status

Exceptional La Costa Valley home ideally situated on a highly desirable cul-de-sac in one of North County's most sought-after neighborhoods. Set on a spacious 7,600-square-foot corner lot, this beautifully maintained residence offers the perfect blend of comfort, functionality, and Southern California living. The flexible floor plan features 3 spacious bedrooms plus a versatile downstairs office with an adjacent full bath, making it an ideal option for a 4th bedroom, guest suite, or private workspace. Rich hardwood floors, abundant natural light, and generous living spaces create a warm and inviting atmosphere. The updated kitchen opens seamlessly to the family room, making it the heart of the home and perfect for everyday living and entertaining. Step outside to a private backyard designed to embrace the indoor/outdoor lifestyle, with plenty of space for al fresco dining, relaxing, gardening, or hosting family and friends. PAID SOLAR TOO! Residents of La Costa Valley enjoy resort-style amenities, including a private clubhouse, sparkling pool and spa, tennis and pickleball courts, a fitness center, parks, playgrounds, and miles of scenic walking and hiking trails. The community is known for its welcoming atmosphere, beautifully maintained surroundings, and year-round neighborhood events. Ideally located just minutes from award-winning schools, premier shopping and dining at The Forum, the renowned Omni La Costa Resort & Spa, nearby Encinitas golf courses, and some of San Diego's most beautiful beaches, this home offers the perfect combination of convenience, lifestyle, and location. Don't miss this rare opportunity to own in one of Carlsbad's most desirable communities—La Costa Valley.

7922 Sitio Granado, Carlsbad

$2,495,000

4 Beds ⋅ 5 Baths ⋅ PTP2605493 MLS ⋅ Active Status

Luxury Living in the Heart of Carlsbad. Welcome to this extensively upgraded 4-bedroom, 4.5-bathroom home offering over 3,000 square feet of thoughtfully designed living space in one of Carlsbad’s most desirable communities. Combining timeless finishes with modern smart-home technology, this residence delivers exceptional comfort, functionality, and resort-style outdoor living. The spacious floor plan includes a full bedroom and bathroom on the main level, ideal for guests. Upstairs, the expansive loft with its own full bathroom offers the flexibility to become a fifth bedroom, private guest suite, media room, or home office. The chef’s kitchen is built for entertaining with dual dishwashers, dual refrigerators, a gas range, a newly installed designer backsplash, abundant cabinetry, and generous prep space. Upstairs, an added wet bar creates the perfect secondary entertaining area. The luxurious primary suite features a spa-inspired bathroom with a large Jacuzzi soaking tub, bidet toilet, and spacious walk-in closet with custom built-in cabinetry. Additional bedrooms also include custom closet systems, while a convenient Jack-and-Jill bathroom serves the secondary bedrooms. Throughout the home you’ll find numerous high-end upgrades, including: -New baseboards and crown molding, -Upgraded powder room, -Travertine flooring, -Real wood plantation shutters, -Built-in surround sound system, -Smart electrical features, -Hardwired security system with sensors on every door and window, -Central heating and air conditioning, -Recently cleaned carpet. Step outside into a private backyard retreat featuring extensive exterior improvements. Designed for low-maintenance living, the yard offers extensive hardscaping, mature landscaping, smart outdoor lighting, a saltwater in-ground spa (approximately two years old), automatic awning, new gutters, code-access front gate, and recently painted exterior. Italian Cypress trees continue to mature, providing increasing privacy over time, while the Canary Palm creates impressive curb appeal. The home has been meticulously maintained with annual pest control, regular termite inspections, and an organized history of service vendors available for the next owner. Located within one of Carlsbad’s premier master-planned communities, residents enjoy access to a community pool, clubhouse, fitness center, parks, and playgrounds, low HOA. Award-winning Carlsbad schools, including highly regarded Poinsettia Elementary, are just minutes away, along with shopping, dining, beaches, golf, Scripps Encinitas Hospital, multiple urgent care facilities, and convenient access to fire and police services. This is a rare opportunity to own an exceptionally maintained and extensively upgraded home where luxury, comfort, and location come together.

2358 Geode Lane, Carlsbad

$1,699,999

3 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ NDP2606898 MLS ⋅ Active Status

Beautifully upgraded, filled with natural light and offering one of Tramonto’s most private outdoor settings, 7215 Willet Circle is a standout Aviara home with views toward Batiquitos Lagoon and the Murphy horse farm with a flexible, spacious floor plan. Featuring 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths and a generous upstairs loft/ fourth bedroom option, this beautifully presented home is designed for comfortable everyday living and effortless entertaining. The inviting interior opens with soaring ceilings, architectural detail, plantation shutters, recessed lighting and rich plank wood flooring throughout the main living areas. Formal living and dining spaces flow naturally into the kitchen and family room, with French door access to the patio, creating a home that feels open, warm and connected. The kitchen features crisp white cabinetry, glass-front display cabinets, granite stone countertops, a tile backsplash, practically new stainless-steel Bosch appliances, a center island with seating and a sunny breakfast area surrounded by windows. The adjoining family room offers a fireplace, built-in cabinetry and direct access to the rear patio, allowing indoor and outdoor living to blend with ease. Upstairs, the generous primary suite provides a peaceful retreat with architectural ceiling detail, excellent natural light and an expansive adjoining bath. Dual vanities, extensive storage, a soaking tub, separate glass-enclosed shower and substantial cedar-lined closet with dressing space and additional closet, create a comfortable and highly functional private suite. Two additional bedrooms share a fully remodeled secondary bath featuring a contemporary vanity, illuminated mirror, modern bronze fixtures and an oversized walk-in shower with tile, pebble flooring and a decorative inset. The homeowners also added two additional upstairs windows to capture views toward Batiquitos Lagoon and bring in even more natural light. The large upstairs loft offers exceptional versatility as a home office, media room, library, fitness space, playroom, or secondary lounge. The original builder offered this area as an optional fourth bedroom, making future conversion a natural possibility. Outside, the expansive paver patio is among the most private in Tramonto. Mature landscaping and substantial walls create a secluded setting with multiple areas for outdoor dining, conversation, grilling and relaxing around the fire table. The yard functions as a true extension of the home and offers a rare degree of privacy within the community. With the front of the home is maintained by the association and the back with pavers and an artificial turf dog run, your yard maintenance is minimal. Additional highlights include an updated powder room, upstairs laundry, extensive storage, a cedar-lined closet and an attached two-car garage with finished flooring and built-in shelving. Tramonto residents enjoy a community pool and spa, along with convenient access to Aviara parks and trails, highly regarded schools, discounts at Aviara Golf Club and Spa, shopping, dining, beaches and the coastal Carlsbad lifestyle. This is an exceptional opportunity to own a light-filled and highly flexible home distinguished by its privacy, thoughtful improvements, generous living spaces and outstanding Aviara location.

7215 Willet Circle, Carlsbad

$1,295,000

4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 260017781SD MLS ⋅ Active Status

Carlsbad Gem!!! This 4 Bed 2.5 Bath with over 2000 sqft house is situated on a cul-de-sac with tons of privacy in Calavera Hills, one of Carlsbad's desirable residential neighborhoods where coastal living meets everyday convenience. Enjoy easy access to shopping, dining, top-rated schools, and major commuter routes while being just minutes from some of North County's most sought-after outdoor destinations. Nature enthusiasts will appreciate nearby Calavera Nature Preserve and Lake Calavera Preserve, offering miles of scenic hiking and biking trails, wildlife, and panoramic views. Golf lovers are just a short drive from The Crossings at Carlsbad, Aviara Golf Club, Encinitas Ranch, and Rancho Carlsbad Golf Course. Spend your weekends enjoying the sand and surf at Carlsbad State Beach or exploring the vibrant shops, restaurants, and coastal charm of Carlsbad Village. Carlsbad is renowned for its extensive network of parks, open space, and connected trails, making it easy to enjoy an active Southern California lifestyle year-round. Whether you're looking for outdoor adventure, coastal relaxation, or convenient access to everything North County has to offer, this location truly offers the best of Carlsbad living.

3511 Milford, Carlsbad

$1,799,999

3 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ PTP2605443 MLS ⋅ Active Status

Walk to the Beach. Live Exceptionally. Luxury coastal residence featuring 3 bedrooms, 2.5 bathrooms, plus an additional room ideal as a home office or bonus room, ideally located west of I-5 at the end of a quiet cul-de-sac within an exclusive gated South Carlsbad community. Offering the ultimate walkable lifestyle, this exceptional home is just moments from Ponto Beach, scenic coastal trails, premier shopping, dining, and resort-style amenities including a pool, tennis, basketball, and volleyball courts. Expertly reimagined by KC Interior Design, this residence showcases uncompromising craftsmanship and timeless sophistication throughout. The open-concept floor plan is centered around a spectacular chef’s kitchen featuring professional-grade luxury appliances, furniture-quality custom cabinetry, a striking designer island, handcrafted artisan tile work, hidden integrated storage, and exceptional attention to every detail. Wide-plank luxury flooring, museum-smooth wall finishes, custom designer paint, bespoke lighting, and premium custom window treatments create an elegant and cohesive aesthetic. Architectural highlights include a dramatic custom-crafted staircase, a stunning floor-to-ceiling built-in designer bookcase at the entry, extensive custom millwork and built-in cabinetry. Every finish has been thoughtfully selected, from authentic Portuguese azulejo tile and artisan craftsmanship to the seamless integration of form and function, creating a home that is both refined and effortlessly livable. A rare opportunity to own a truly one-of-a-kind designer residence in one of South Carlsbad’s most coveted gated coastal communities, where exceptional design, luxury, and location come together in perfect harmony.

523 Wind Sock Way, Carlsbad

$1,700,000

4 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ NDP2606843 MLS ⋅ Active Status

Located on a cul-de-sac in the desirable Rancho Carrillo community, this versatile property offers a rare and valuable feature: a private one-bedroom, one-bathroom ADU that was built as part of the original construction. The ADU includes a separate entrance, living area, kitchenette, and attached one-car garage, providing excellent flexibility for rental income, extended family, guests, a private home office, or multigenerational living. The main residence features three additional bedrooms and three bathrooms, including a bedroom and full bathroom on the main level. The spacious interior also includes a formal living room, dining room, family room, kitchen, and separate laundry room. Situated on a flag lot, the property offers a welcoming front lawn and a low-maintenance backyard with artificial turf and a covered patio for outdoor dining and entertaining. Owned solar panels add energy efficiency and long-term value. Rancho Carrillo residents enjoy access to community amenities that include a pool, spa, clubhouse, and RV parking lot. Floorplan attached in Associated Docs (See "D" icon)

2914 Rancho Rio Chico, Carlsbad

$889,500

2 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ NDP2606816 MLS ⋅ Active Status

This coastal 2-bedroom, 2-bathroom home perfectly blends comfort, style, and relaxed beachside living. Inside, you will find a beautifully remodeled kitchen complete with quartz countertops, upgraded cabinetry, and modern finishes. The bright and inviting atmosphere is enhanced by updated flooring, fresh interior paint, and large windows that fill the home with natural light. The outdoor space features a spacious private yard opening directly to a lush, serene greenbelt, offering extra privacy and walking trails. Residents enjoy a park-like environment, mature landscaping, and coastal breezes just one mile from the beach. This exceptional location places you minutes from beautiful beaches, shopping, dining, and recreation, with easy access to Carlsbad Premium Outlets, Poinsettia Park, Legoland, golf courses, and major commuter routes. Don't miss the opportunity to experience coastal Carlsbad living in this beautifully updated home.

809 Caminito del Reposo, Carlsbad

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Based on information from California Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. as of . This information is for your personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties you may be interested in purchasing. Display of MLS data is usually deemed reliable but is NOT guaranteed accurate by the MLS. Buyers are responsible for verifying the accuracy of all information and should investigate the data themselves or retain appropriate professionals. Information from sources other than the Listing Agent may have been included in the MLS data. Unless otherwise specified in writing, Broker/Agent has not and will not verify any information obtained from other sources. The Broker/Agent providing the information contained herein may or may not have been the Listing and/or Selling Agent.